Make a Little Birdhouse in Your Soul

There is great power in a birdhouse. It is an invitation to a world beyond our own and offers the possibility of connecting with ineffable beauty. The small opening in the house welcomes life and opens us to delight in new possibilities. To let go of our armor, to allow ourselves to soften. To hear the song of the house wren as if for the first time, sweet music pouring forth. A life force, shocking in its vibrancy and out of proportion to the physical size of the wren.

Our relatively small yard has numerous birdhouses. The birds they harbor bring us joy throughout the breeding season, so we wanted to share this pleasure with the neighborhood school - Colene Hoose Elementary - where the grounds were recently transformed into a nature playground. The project sprung from the mind of a fellow Audubon board member, who is a former Colene Hoose student. He is a serious birder now in his junior year of high school, and he is determined. When he’s not busy with soccer team activities, he is out in nature. If someone posts a rare bird alert, he races off to the location of the sighting. When he offered to work with his grandpa to make birdhouses for the school, the school administration was excited to say yes. Public schools are faced daily with challenges - a sewer back-up, a school bus snafu, an unhappy parent. So the idea of something so positive, something spearheaded by one of their own student alumni, was a real treat. 


Typical central Illinois winter weather scuttled the planned birdhouse installation day. As much as we don’t mind being outside in the cold, no one was excited about wet snow, 30 degrees, and wind gusts up to 30mph. But also typical for central Illinois, the rescheduled event only two days later was a fairly balmy 40 degrees with no wind. On that day, we met with the principal, communications director, head groundskeeper, and the press at the pavilion toward the center of the sixteen-acre property. The school’s horticulturist arrived with a Radio Flyer wagon full of birdhouses and a small group of kids from the after-school program. The group dynamic shifted when the students arrived, especially when they enthusiastically embraced wearing shiny elf hats to support our “Christmas for the Birds” theme.


We divided the newly minted after-school elves into two groups. Three took charge of the bluebird/tree swallow houses, and two opted for the house wren/chickadee houses. I helped with the latter. The elves pulled the wagon full of birdhouses down the path, and I picked out trees. The head of grounds carried a small step ladder, and he positioned it next to each tree. A little elf climbed up the ladder, and we handed him a velcro strip and the birdhouse. He had to thread the velcro strip through a wire loop and around a branch. This took some dexterity and practice and ended with a real sense of accomplishment. 


One of the elves was afraid of heights, but he really wanted to hang birdhouses. He would climb two steps and pause before tentatively stepping up onto the third step. If the tree required standing on the fourth step, he would say, “Nope, I can’t go any higher.”  He would then step down, and his friend would hang that house. The birdhouses were already eliciting kindness, and they were not even in the trees yet.

We passed the other group occasionally and heard screams of delight and the sounds of a drill turning wood screws as they affixed their houses to wooden posts.

Over the next hour, we installed 20 birdhouses and a complete birdfeeder setup, including a pole with a squirrel baffle, two platform feeders, and a suet feeder. It was an instant transformation of a property signaling that we care about birds and are willing to work on their behalf. With birdhouses in place, the deep, tangled unity of the world can manifest itself here. 

After we hung the last birdhouse, one of the boys asked if he would be on TV. I said, “Yes, tonight at 5 p.m.” He looked at me, paused, his eyes flashing, and he exclaimed, “Will I be on YouTube?” Apparently, that is this generation’s version of prime-time news. 


Why am I sharing this small story? Because taking one seemingly small step can create real change. How many kids will be inspired? How many teachers will look forward to their workday a little bit more? Because sharing our love of birds in even this small way can have unforeseen consequences. The school is now in conversation with the Town’s parks department about restoring a natural area adjacent to another elementary school. They are also discussing the potential to restore prairie and build birdhouses on other school properties within the district. They already had plans to bring kids from the other elementary schools to the nature playground, and now those kids will also be exposed to the birdhouse project. 

Our next steps are to continue supporting the birdhouse projects and to document the birds that use the houses over the summer. We also plan to install a screech owl nest box. We hope to integrate birds into the STEM curriculum at area schools and to connect students and residents with programs like Nestwatch, where they can join people across the country who document bird nesting behavior.

We are excited to see how the birdhouses impact the school children and the school staff members. We have so many questions. Which houses will be occupied by what bird species? How will the kids react to the birds? How many birds will be on the playground during the breeding season? Will the teachers incorporate birds into their lesson plans?

The birdhouse project has also served to sharpen the school’s horticulturist’s growing interest in birds. She had already been developing a relationship with the local crows, who now look to her for their daily peanut feeding. She is also keenly aware of the hawk that has taken up residence on the grounds. 

When I met the horticulturist to plan the birdhouse event, we walked around the playground to find the best bluebird box locations. We noticed a red-shouldered hawk perched nearby, and as we were talking, we heard a rush of wings as she flew past us to perch on the top of a young bur oak.

I could tell this was part of the hawk’s routine. As soon as she landed, she started scanning piles of fall leaves that had accumulated in calm little pockets where the eddying winds corralled them. I learned that the horticulturist had intentionally left these leaves in place for the hawk.

After a few minutes of scanning, the hawk fixed her gaze on one spot. She leaned forward and stared, and then she slid off the branch in a fluid motion and dove into the leaves. She hit the ground, feet first, with a thud, and stood still. She bent down and appeared to be eating something we could not see. She started kneading the leaves with her talons, and we thought she must have caught something substantial. But then she flew off to her next perch. I am not sure if she caught something small and quickly ate it or if she was unsuccessful. But one thing was clear: she was focused on the piles of leaves.



This encounter was a good example of the benefit of being a little less tidy; leaving a few leaves in our yards or playgrounds makes a big difference for the birds.

In a similar way, birdhouses provide a home for the birds as they make palpable our inherent desire to connect with nature. The new lives that emerge from the houses will spark curiosity in kids and may set them on a lifelong path of appreciating birds and nature. Small acts like putting up birdhouses can have big effects. Working in a sphere where you have agency and can affect change is gratifying. Caring for birds can start in your yard and spread out from there, leading to positive change that ripples out across the landscape. Where there are birdhouses, songs fill the air—love songs for the earth. 

Isles of Consolation

If life is, as some hold it to be, a vast melancholy ocean, over which ships more or less sorrow–laden continually pass, yet there lie here, and there, upon its Isles of Consolation onto which we may step out, and for a time, forget the wind and waves. One of these, we may call bird –isle – the island of watching and being entertained by the habits and humors of birds – and upon this one, for with the others, I have here nothing to do, I will straight away land, Inviting such as make care to, to follow me.

 Edmond Selous, birdwatching, 1901 


2022 State of the Birds Report

Henslow’s Sparrow

The 2022 State of the Birds Report published by the North American Bird Conservation Initiative highlights the complex relationship between people, birds, and nature. Long-term data collection that started in 1970 has been coupled with new technology that includes GPS tracking devices, and that combination has revealed the epic migrations that birds make and the challenges they face along their journey. Sadly, the data also show that eastern forest birds, shorebirds, and grassland birds have all declined by 30% over the past fifty years. 


Nationwide, more than half of US bird species are in decline, and 70 newly identified Tipping Point species have each lost 50% or more of their populations in the last fifty years. These species are on track to continue declining by 50% over the next fifty years. This will potentially result in species becoming endangered and at risk of extinction. 


But there is good news to report! Over the past fifty years, strategic long-term investments in the conservation of wetlands have led to dramatic increases in populations of ducks, geese, and swans. This proves that the decline in bird populations can be slowed … and even reversed … with targeted human intervention.  


Enter the JWP Audubon Society, a local affiliate of the National Audubon Society.  JWP is part of a diverse coalition of dedicated people and organizations that have been working to restore natural habitats that benefit people and birds in central Illinois. JWP has been actively promoting awareness and restoring habitat for decades, and they have seen firsthand how quickly people and birds respond to restored habitats when nature is given a chance to recover.  The following projects are local examples of restoration that connect JWP’s work in McLean County with the larger work highlighted in the State of the Birds report. 


  • JWP has partnered with the City of Bloomington and University of Illinois Master Naturalists to restore prairie and woodland at Ewing Park, where volunteers and park staff have planted, tended, and managed natural areas over the decades. The high-quality restoration work has resulted in this park being designated by National Audubon Society as an “Important Bird Area,” where one can see as many bird species during spring migration as can be seen at the world-famous Montrose Beach bird sanctuary in Chicago. 


  • JWP worked with the Town of Normal Parks and Recreation staff to design and find grant funds for a new bird sanctuary at the Y intersection of the Constitution Trail in Normal. Adjacent to the popular Connie Link Amphitheater, this water feature and native plant restoration will be a high-profile example of bringing birds and people together for their mutual benefit. 


  • JWP is advising the Colene Hoose Natural Playground design team on bird-friendly native plants that will be incorporated into the site. 

  • JWP inspired film company Turnstone Productions to create a documentary film about wetland and prairie restoration in central Illinois. The movie is expected to be released in 2023.


  • JWP routinely schedules programs and events to inspire a love of birding and nature with bird- and nature-related film screenings at the Normal Theater, bird photography exhibits at the Normal Public Library, and bird walks at local parks.


  • JWP has conducted bird population monitoring surveys in Bloomington Normal and McLean County for many decades.


  • JWP continues to partner with the City of Bloomington and Town of Normal parks departments to improve bird habitat on public property 


  • JWP leads programs to teach people all of the ways theycan garden and landscape for birds. 


With the continued restoration of natural habitat in central Illinois, JWP is hoping to stem the tide of birds at the tipping point, which in the Midwest include American Golden Plover, Bobolink, Henslow’s Sparrow, Chimney Swift, Golden-winged Warbler, King Rail, LeConte’s Sparrow, Lesser Yellowlegs, Pectoral Sandpiper, Prairie Warbler, Ruddy Turnstone, Semipalmated Sandpiper, Short-billed Dowitcher, Stilt Sandpiper, Whimbrel, Yellow Rail and Black Rail. If current trends continue these species will be at increased risk for extinction. Fortunately, diverse groups of scientists, citizens, land managers, and decision-makers are hard at work raising awareness around the deeply intertwined connections between birds and people. They have outlined a plan for proactive conservation and a strategic road map to recovery that can reverse these declines. 


This plan involves coupling new technology with insights from social science to co-create conservation strategies with affected communities. Restoration of eastern forests is one example of ongoing work that has improved habitat quality and increased populations of birds. The rate of decline for Cerulean Warblers and Wood Thrush has slowed in areas where extensive forest restoration has been implemented. Restoring diversity in the forest benefits more than birds. People need clean water, clean air, and increased access to diverse natural habitats as well. 


A diverse coalition of conservation organizations is also working to restore grasslands. As a group, grassland birds have suffered the biggest land bird decline of any habitat. Massive losses of birds can be reversed with voluntary, incentive-based programs powered by partnerships with landowners to restore grasslands, using the successful North American Wetlands Conservation Act as a model.


Building on and expanding these projects and others like them has the potential to increase local bird populations before they fade from our lives.  This will enhance the quality of life for people and birds alike. There are many opportunities for people to engage in this effort. Diverse people and organizations are coming together to work for the benefit of birds, which ultimately leads to a greater sense of connection, possibility, community, and wellness for all. 



A Hawk in Hand

We turned onto Brushy Fork Road in search of Red-tailed Hawks (Red-tails). The rolling hills of southwest Illinois are ideal habitat for them. The pastures and fingers of trees that follow watercourses and ridges provide a home for small rodents and places for hawks to perch and watch. There were four of us in the Subaru scanning a mottled gray sky and the trees for hawks. We turned a corner and I heard “Abietacola on the right. Slow down, slow down.” Trying to catch a hawk is intense and a lot of things have to go right. The bird needs to be looking in the right direction and have a clear line of sight to the trap. You cannot be too close to a house or the bird. The road needs to have little traffic and you have to drive at the proper speed. Not too fast and not too slow. You cannot stop. We mostly fail. Our success rate is around 15%. This particular bird happens to cooperate. We slow to a crawl and the lead researcher slowly opens the door and sets a wire cage with a mouse inside in the grass by the side of the road. We keep moving and the hawk stays in place in an oak tree about 50 yards away. He is looking in the direction of the trap. We drive down the road about 500 yards turn around and watch. 

After about 5 minutes the hawk flies down toward the trap. He briefly hovers and lands on the trap and is motionless. His feet are now immersed in tiny monofilament loops. He flaps his wings and falls to the ground. He is caught! We fly into action and arrive at the trap within seconds. The intensity builds. People are moving quickly to gather equipment and get to the hawk. I step out of the car and see the hawk lying on the ground. A blanket is thrown over the hawk and we quickly remove the loops from his feet. This is where the experience takes on a surreal quality. The hawk is being held upright by the legs and I am standing three feet away. My domesticated human world is face to face with wildness. This being radiates life, he shines in the dappled light and he seems to be vibrating like a bee. He is stunning. I cannot take my eyes off of him. He has spread his wings, opened his mouth, stuck out his bright pink tongue with a hole in it, and he is staring at us with wild eyes. He is not injured, but he is not happy. 

The eyes draw you in. I am watching his pupils dilate and expand in response to shifting light levels. He is looking right into my eyes. I feel like I am being seen. His eyes are a mix of brown, white, and black. They are brilliant and appear to be lit from within. He fixes his intense stare on whoever is closest to him, but he appears to be calm. He does not struggle or vocalize the entire time. A leather hood is quickly placed over his head to limit stress.

With the hood on it is easier to appreciate the rich dark brown color in his feathers, bright yellow scaly feet tipped with menacing black talons, and his bright white chest.  Seen up close the hawk is thrown into sharp relief. I normally see them perched on trees and posts off in the distance. Now, presented with one at arm's length, the abstract hawk becomes an individual with a personality. I have so many questions. Where did he come from? Does he have a mate and offspring? Where is he going? What is his life like? 

I can picture him delicately feeding tiny white fluffy chicks. Allopreening his mate and careening through the sky in an aerial duet as part of annual pair bonding. He has complex relationships and is smarter than we will ever know. However, we know a little more about Red-tails every year. Modern technology and curious researchers are hard at work probing the mystery that is a Red-tail. That is what I am witnessing now. Rulers and calipers are used to measure feather, beak, and leg length. We weigh him and remove a few small feathers for DNA sampling. His hood is removed and pictures are taken as the final step in data collection. 

Now it is time to release him. My brief interaction seems so fleeting. I entertain thoughts of taking up falconry as I watch the hawk being held at arm's length. I try to capture the release in slow motion video, but I misjudge the bird's trajectory and he quickly passes through the frame as he flies up and perches in a nearby tree. He turns and looks at us and ruffles his feathers. He appears to shake out all the indignity and stress in a flash, and he turns his head and looks out across the dormant weather-beaten pasture. What is he thinking at this moment? Maybe some movement in the grass caught his attention. He can see eight times better than we can, including seeing more color and infrared. He may be picking up the heat waves coming off of a vole in the pasture.

Two years of trapping have produced data on 71 hawks. The goal is to learn more about the origins of wintering Red-tails in Illinois. There are 12 subspecies, and by collecting feathers and analyzing hydrogen isotopes, it is possible to discover the latitude where the hawk spent the breeding season. Another goal of the research is to develop a better understanding of how climate change influences migration. Recent winter surveys indicate that Red-tails are migrating less due to warmer winters. 

Red-tails are common due to their ability to adapt to humans and an altered environment. They are generalists that tolerate us and can survive in our midst. This is the only way an animal can be abundant now. Our environment is too degraded for sensitive specialists to thrive. Red-tails are the hawk equivalent of Canada Geese, Starlings, Mallards, and House Sparrows. 

After this promising start, we are confronted with the stark reality that Red-tails are wary birds. We spend the rest of the day engaged in a sort of chess match with the hawks. We cover a lot of miles, set a lot of traps, and watch Red-tails respond in various ways. This mostly entails some version of hovering over or standing near the trap and looking at the mouse. We did not catch another hawk. We did get to spend some quality time with several mice. They were protected by two layers of wire and they seemed to know that they were safe. The traps are pulled within 15 minutes and several mice are rotated through the traps to limit their exposure to cold weather. 

At one point we drive past a large restored prairie. A section of it has been burned. There are hawks everywhere. A Rough-legged Hawk (Ruffy), two Northern Harriers, a Kestrel and several Red-tails are flying over or perched nearby. This is the most hawk activity we have seen all day and highlights the importance of habitat quality and quantity. The birds are there in search of small rodents hiding in the prairie. They must have been successful in finding them, as our mouse in a cage did not attract any interest. At this point, the sun starts to set, and our adventure is coming to a close. We start to make our way back north. When we get on the interstate I start seeing Red-tails perched in the trees along the median. Based on the day’s close encounter with a Red-tail, I feel like I have a superpower now as I can zoom in and visualize each perfect and glorious bird in great detail.





Red-headed Woodpeckers at the Merwin Preserve

We have a bird walk scheduled at Merwin on November 13th at 8am. We are meeting at the parking area on the north side of the preserve.

Beautiful fall color in Hickory Leaves

You cannot miss Red-headed Woodpeckers in the fall at the Merwin Preserve. Their constant chatter and activity make them a conspicuous presence in the open woods. They are busy caching acorns and defending “their” trees from other birds like the large flocks of Grackles and Starlings that occupy the same habitat. When Grackles perch in the tree where the Red-headed Woodpecker is caching acorns, he stops and looks at them and assesses the situation. He frequently sets off and chases them out of the tree. 

Like many other animals, Red-headed Woodpeckers were once considered a pest on farms, and orchard owners paid a bounty on them. They are omnivorous and eat insects, seeds and fruit. In the1800’s, one farmer shot over 100 of them out of a single cherry tree in a day. It is hard to imagine 100 Red-headed Woodpeckers on a farm today. They were also a popular “target” among sportsmen owing to their conspicuous nature and bold black, white and red appearance. Thankfully, we have moved past that stage of our history, and the Red-headed Woodpecker is still here. But, they are much diminished. They now face a broad suite of threats that have reduced their numbers across their range by 70%. The primary threat is loss of habitat. They once occupied over 7 million acres of oak savanna. We have reduced that habitat to 7,000 acres. Much of what is left is highly degraded and overgrown with invasive shrubs and trees, so there is very little space left for the woodpeckers. In the small amount of remaining, suitable habitat, they face additional threats from collisions with cars, competition for nest sites with European Starlings, and a lack of food due to the large-scale die off of insects. 

Fortunately for us, the ParkLands Foundation has invested a large amount of resources into managing the Merwin Preserve along the Mackinaw River north of Bloomington/Normal over the past 30 years. The open oak/hickory woodland on the preserve has a robust and raucous population of Red-headed Woodpeckers in the fall and winter. When you walk down the trail at Merwin, you are walking back in time as you enter a healthy natural community. One of the first things that you notice is that the soil is covered in nuts. Acorns and hickory nuts are everywhere. This is part of the reason that the Red-headed Woodpeckers are here. A diverse population of mushrooms is also visible on the soil and decaying wood. This hints at the riotous life below ground, knitting together the fabric of native plants that make up this stunning plant community. 

The most conspicuous and captivating part of the landscape are the trees. There are huge oak and hickory trees throughout the preserve, and they are growing in open habitat thanks to all the thinning, exotic species control and prescribed fires that ParkLands staff and volunteers have done to preserve the primary factors that once shaped our landscape. The large, dead oak trees are particularly conspicuous and important for the Red-headed Woodpeckers. This is where they store their acorns for the winter. If you watch them for long, you will see that they fly off and collect an acorn and return to the same snag to pound it into a crevice, hole or projection on the tree. They are very meticulous in choosing and positioning their stored food. They will tap and acorn into position and then remove it and move along the branch to a new location to try again. Once they are satisfied they often move up or down the branch checking on their other stored acorns, tapping them as they go. 

They are fascinating to watch, these bold, brash and iconic birds of the oak savanna. They are a beautiful distillation of what was once a predominant feature of our landscape. A bird like this could capture the imagination and fuel tree planting and restoration. A hopeful endeavor, to bring together like-minded people in search of a common ground for all. 


Red-headed Woodpecker 


Dappled light and a prairie breeze

Flow over the muted colors of fall, ruffling feathers and ruffling leaves.

Flashes of white wings enliven the scene. 

Flamboyant and sure of yourself. You shake the mighty oak.

Going about your day with familiar rhythms. 

Connected to the clouds, the place, the seasons. 

Your rolling chatter carries past gnarled oaks, acorns and snags.

A signal that this place belongs to you. 

No bird can stop long near your beloved acorns. The ones you tend to with such care. Tapping into place, packing with bark, just so. 

A future gift to yourself that you will unwrap. Or, maybe a gift to your family? 

Do you spend your time wrapping up gifts? 

The extravagant abundance of oaks makes it so.